I have learned in Module 2. (CompTIA Security+)

[Muhammad Ahmad]

The key concepts covered in Module 2 of the Threat Management and Cybersecurity Resources:

1. Penetration Testing (Pen Test):
   • A penetration test (or pen test) is a security assessment technique where ethical hackers simulate attacks on a system or network to identify vulnerabilities. The goal is to uncover weaknesses before malicious actors exploit them.
   • Rules of Engagement: These define the scope, boundaries, and constraints of the pen test. They specify what can and cannot be tested, ensuring that the assessment remains controlled and safe.
   • Performing a Pen Test: During a pen test, security professionals use various tools and methodologies to probe for vulnerabilities. They attempt to exploit weaknesses, gain unauthorized access, and assess the system’s resilience.
2. Vulnerability Scanning:
   • Vulnerability scanning involves automated tools that scan networks, systems, and applications for known vulnerabilities. These tools identify security flaws such as outdated software, misconfigurations, or missing patches.
   • Regular vulnerability scans help organizations stay proactive by addressing vulnerabilities promptly.
3. Cybersecurity Resources:
   • Organizations have access to a variety of cybersecurity resources:
     • Bug Bounties: Monetary rewards given for uncovering software vulnerabilities. Crowdsourcing is often used for bug bounties, involving people from the internet in the testing process.
     • Adversary Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) Database**: This resource catalogs threat actors’ behavior, attack patterns, and management strategies.
     • Exploit Acquisition Platforms: Examples include Zerodium, which acquires zero-day vulnerabilities and sells them to government organizations for defensive purposes.
     • Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): SIEM tools collect and analyze security event data to detect and respond to threats.
     • Incident Response Playbooks: These provide step-by-step instructions for handling security incidents.
     • Security Awareness Training: Educating employees about security best practices is crucial.